RESUMO
In 1975, Evans published an article describing the surgical management of the "calcaneo-valgus deformity," pointing out that the deformity was due to relative shortening of the lateral column of the foot. Correction involved "equalizing" both columns by performing an osteotomy in the neck of the calcaneus 1.5 cm from the calcaneocuboid joint, where a trapezoidal wedge of tricortical bone was placed. Although it was considered a success, there were complications, including sural nerve injury, surgical wound dehiscence, undercorrection, and graft subsidence. The osteotomy grew in popularity. Indications extended to other forms of flatfoot with a low incidence of complications.
Assuntos
Calcâneo/cirurgia , Pé Chato/cirurgia , Osteotomia/efeitos adversos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Artrodese , Pé Chato/diagnóstico por imagem , Deformidades Adquiridas do Pé/diagnóstico por imagem , Deformidades Adquiridas do Pé/cirurgia , Humanos , Osteotomia/métodos , Seleção de Pacientes , Articulações Tarsianas/diagnóstico por imagem , Articulações Tarsianas/cirurgiaRESUMO
Glutathione S-tranferases (GST) are multigenic enzymes that have been associated with arsenic metabolism. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between polymorphic variants of GST and urinary concentration of arsenic species in people exposed to low levels of arsenic. A cross-sectional study among 66 nonoccupationally exposed subjects, living in the city of Antofagasta, Chile. Polymorphic variants were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and arsenic species was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The effect of GST variants on arsenic concentration was evaluated using univariate and covariate-adjusted regressions. For both GSTT1 and GSTM1 there were no significant differences in detected arsenic relative species between carriers of the active and null polymorphic variants. There was nondefinitive evidence that polymorphic variants of GST play a role in arsenic metabolism in sample of the Chilean subjects studied.